Wendy Cao / 研究档案
持续更新的档案 · A living archive · 2026

我研究
模型如何学习
图像。
I study what
models learn
from images.

我是 Wendy,一名深度学习学生,关注医学证据、生成模型与模型选择保留下来的视觉细节之间的关系。这里记录实验、笔记,以及还没有被解决的问题。I’m Wendy, a deep learning student tracing the space between medical evidence, generative models, and the visual details a model decides to keep. This is where experiments, notes, and unfinished questions stay visible.

01 / 研究方向 · Selected work

我真正能
跑起来的问题。
Questions I can actually run.

一组小而清晰的研究方向:可比较、可控制,也能让结论经得起数据检验。A compact set of research directions designed for clear comparisons, small controlled experiments, and conclusions that survive contact with the data.

A / 01进行中 / in progress

细小血管,
细微决策。
Fine vessels, fine decisions.

测试拓扑感知损失能否帮助模型保留普通重叠指标容易掩盖的细薄、连通结构。Testing whether topology-aware losses help models keep the thin, connected structures that ordinary overlap scores can hide.

retinal vesselsclDicegeneralization
B / 02对比实验 / comparison

局部先验,
全局上下文。
Local priors, global context.

从感受野、patch、注意力和曲线背后的归纳偏置出发,观察 CNN 与 ViT 的差异。A visual study of CNN and ViT: receptive fields, patches, attention, and the inductive biases hiding behind the curves.

CNN × ViTGrad-CAMattention rollout
C / 03搭建中 / building

从噪声到
证据。
Noise into evidence.

通过代码理解 DDPM、DDIM 与 flow matching,再追问什么让合成眼底图像在结构上可信。Reading DDPM, DDIM, and flow matching through code, then asking what makes a synthetic fundus image structurally believable.

DDPMDDIMfundus synthesis
02 / 方法 · Methods

让机制显形,
再真正学会。
Learn by making the mechanism visible.

最好的解释通常来自一个小实验:只改变一件事,观察表示,再写下究竟发生了什么。The best explanation is usually a small experiment: change one thing, inspect the representation, and write down what moved.

01 / SEE

看见模型内部Visualize the inside

特征图、attention rollout、去噪轨迹,以及模型信心开始变脆弱的地方。Feature maps, attention rollout, denoising trajectories, and the places where a model’s confidence becomes fragile.

02 / VARY

只改变一个变量Change one lever

学习率、优化器、归一化、损失、patch size:先做受控网格,再谈更大的理论。Learning rate, optimizer, normalization, loss, patch size: a controlled grid before a grand theory.

03 / EXPLAIN

写出机制Write the mechanism

从公式写到张量形状,再写到实际后果,不跳过中间那些最容易卡住的部分。Notes that move from equation to tensor shape to practical consequence, without skipping the awkward middle.

近期笔记 / RECENT NOTE · 26.09

细血管为什么会消失?Why does a thin vessel disappear?

关于重叠指标、连通性,以及“基本正确”和临床有用的结构之间的差别。On overlap metrics, connectivity, and the difference between “mostly right” and clinically useful structure.

论文线索 / PAPER THREAD · 30.09

一步一步理解 DDPM 反向过程。DDPM, one reverse step at a time.

从噪声出发、预测噪声,真正看懂状态如何更新,而不是只记住图。Starting from noise, predicting noise, and learning to see the state update rather than memorizing the diagram.

视觉研究 / VISUAL STUDY · 19.09

一个 patch 知道什么?What does a patch know?

持续整理 locality、translation equivariance,以及 Transformer 不会自动拥有的视觉先验。A running glossary for locality, translation equivariance, and the visual priors a Transformer does not receive for free.

工作原则 / WORKING RULE · ALWAYS

小到可以完成。Small enough to finish.

一个人、一个清晰对比,以及足够深入的分析,去弄清究竟改变了什么。One person, one clear comparison, enough depth to understand what actually changed.

Wendy Cao 在树下的生活照 / Wendy Cao outdoors under a tree
关于我 / About

从药学出发,
向代码走去。
From pharmacy, moving toward code.

我是北京大学药学院大二学生,正在把对生命科学的直觉,转译成可以运行、比较和解释的代码。现在最想弄清楚的,是模型如何从医学图像里学会看见结构。I’m a second-year student at Peking University’s School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, translating an intuition for life science into code that can run, compare, and explain. Right now I’m trying to understand how models learn to see structure in medical images.

我不想把药学和编程看成两条互相排斥的路;这个网站记录它们相遇的过程。I don’t see pharmacy and programming as separate paths. This site records what happens when they meet.

北京大学 / PKU药学院 / Pharmacy大二 / sophomore转向代码 / coding
03 / 视觉实验室 · Visual lab

研究也可以
有自己的脉搏。
Research can still have a pulse.

这里放蓝色笔触、结构图,以及让困难想法留在记忆里的视觉语言。A side room for blue brushstrokes, diagrams, and the visual language that makes a hard idea stay in memory.

现场笔记 / FIELD NOTE · 04

让不可见的东西
变得清楚。
Make the invisible legible.

用图、注释和实验,为模型隐藏的假设赋予形状。Diagrams, annotations, and experiments that give shape to a model’s hidden assumptions.

一个小约定 / A SMALL PROMISE

好奇心也是
一种技术能力。
Curiosity is a technical skill.

这里的每一页,都应该让一个问题比之前更清晰。Every page here should leave one question sharper than it found it.